1. Pemahaman Umum Kimia Organik.
Bahan Kimia Organik dasar didefinisikan sebagai bahan kimia yang menggantikan senyawa alifatik dan aromatik dari berbagai gugus fungsi seperti halogen, ester, amina, nitro, belerang, dan senyawa karbonil dll. Bahan Kimia Organik ini digunakan sebagai bahan dasar untuk bahan kimia organik sintetis hilir seperti pewarna dan zat antara pewarna, cat, obat-obatan curah, pestisida dll.
Industri manufaktur kimia organik dasar, yang memproduksi berbagai jenis halo-alifatik, aromatik, aromatik tersubstitusi, plasticizer, dan deterjen, berkontribusi terhadap pencemaran lingkungan sampai batas tertentu.
Tiga sumber utama bahan baku untuk semua bahan Kimia Organik adalah sebagai berikut: minyak dan gas alami turunan tar batubara dan produk yang diperoleh dari molase, alkohol dan produk pertanian lainnya serta minyak/lemak yang dapat dimakan sulfur, fosfor dan blok bangunan dasar serupa lainnya.
2. Kode HS Produk Kimia Organik.
| 2901 | HS Codes of Acyclic hydrocarbons (HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR HOLOGENETED,SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIES) |
| 2902 | HS Codes of Cyclic hydrocarbons Cyclanes, cyclenes and cycloterpenes:(HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR HOLOGENETED,SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIES) |
| 2903 | HS Codes of Halogenated derivatives of hydrocarbons Saturated chlorinated derivatives of acyclic hydrocarbons:(HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR HOLOGENETED,SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIES) |
| 2904 | HS Codes of Sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of hydrocarbons, whether or not halogenated(HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR HOLOGENETED,SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIES) |
| 2905 | HS Codes of Acyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Saturated monohydric alcohols: (ALCOHOLS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES) |
| 2906 | HS Codes of Cyclic alcohols and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Cyclanic, cyclenic or cycloterpenic:(ALCOHOLS AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES) |
| 2907 | HS Codes of Phenols; phenol-alcohols Monophenols: (PHENOLS, PHENOL-ALCOHOLS, AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES) |
| 2908 | HS Codes of Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenol-alcohols(PHENOLS, PHENOL-ALCOHOLS, AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATIVES) |
| 2909 | HS Codes of Ethers, ether-alcohols, ether-phenols, ether-alcohol-phenols, alcohol peroxides, ether peroxides, ketone peroxides (whether or not chemically defined), and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives Acyclic ethers and their halogen |
| 2910 | HS Codes of Epoxides, epoxyalcohols, epoxyphenols and expoxyethers, with a three-membered ring, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives |
| 2911 | HS Codes of Acetals and hemiacetals, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives |
| 2912 | HS Codes of Aldehydes, whether or not with other oxygen function; cyclic polymers ofaldehydes;para-formaldehyde Acyclic aldehydes without other oxygen function:(ALDEHYDE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS) |
| 2913 | HS Codes of Halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives of products of heading 2912 (ALDEHYDE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS) |
| 2914 | HS Codes of Ketones and Quinones, whether or not with other oxygen function, and their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives(KETONE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS AND QUINONE-FUNCTION COMPOUNDS)Acyclic ketones without other oxygen function:(ALDEHYDE-FUNCTI |
| 2915 | HS Codes of Saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated,sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR ANHYDRIDES, HALIDES, PEROXIDES AND PEROXYACIDS AND THEIR HALOGEN |
| 2916 | HS Codes of Unsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids, cyclic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivativesUnsaturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, hali |
| 2917 | HS Codes of Polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivativesAcyllic polycarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives: |
| 2918 | HS Codes of Carboxylic acids with additional oxygen function and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivativesCarboxylic acids with alcohol function, but without other oxygen function, their a |
| 2919 | HS Codes of Phosphoric esters and their salts, including lacto-phosphates; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives (ESTERS OF INORGANIC ACIDS OF NON-METALS AND THEIR SALTS, AND THEIR HALOGENATED, SULPHONATED, NITRATED OR NITROSATED DERIVATI |
| 2920 | HS Codes of Esters of other inorganic acids of non-metals (excluding esters of hydrogen halides) and their salts; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives |
| 2921 | HS Codes of Amine function compounds Acyclic monoamines and their derivatives; salts thereof: |
| 2922 | HS Codes of Oxygen-function amino-compounds Amino-alcohols, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function, their ethers and esters; salts thereof: |
| 2923 | HS Codes of Quaternary ammonium salts and hydroxide; lecithins and other phosphoamino-lipids, whether or not chemically defined”; |
| 2924 | HS Codes of Carboxyamide-function compounds; amide-function compounds of carbonic acid Acyclic amides (including acyclic carbamates) and their derivatives; salts thereof: |
| 2925 | HS Codes of Carboxyimide-function compounds (including saccharin and its salts) and imine-function compounds Imides and their derivatives; salts thereof: |
| 2926 | HS Codes of Nitrile-function compounds |
| 2927 | HS Codes of Diazo-, azo- or azoxy- compounds |
| 2928 | HS Codes of Organic derivatives of hydrazine or of hydroxylamine |
| 2929 | HS Codes of Compounds with other nitrogen function |
| 2930 | HS Codes of Organo-sulphur compounds (ORGANO-INORGANIC COMPOUNDS, HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS, NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR SALTS, AND SULPHONAMIDES) |
| 2931 | HS Codes of Other organo-inorganic compounds |
| 2932 | HS Codes of Heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only Compounds containing an unfused furan ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure: |
| 2933 | HS Codes of Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only Compounds containing an unfused pyrazole ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure): |
| 2934 | HS Codes of Nucleic acids and their salts;whether or not chemically defined; other heterocyclic compounds |
| 2935 | HS Codes of Sulphonamides |
| 2936 | HS Codes of Provitamins and vitamins, natural or reproducted by synthesis (including natural concentrates), derivatives thereof used primarily as vitamins, and intermixtures of the foregoing, whether or not in any solvent (PROVITAMINS, VITAMINS AND HORMONES) |
| 2937 | HS Codes of Hormones, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes, natural or reproduced by synthesis; derivatives and structural analogues thereof, including chain modified polypeptides, used primarily as hormones Polypeptide hormones, protein hormones and glycopr |
| 2938 | HS Codes of Glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives |
| 2939 | HS Codes of Vegetable alkaloids, natural or reproduced by synthesis, and their salts, ethers, esters and other derivatives Alkaloids of opium and their derivatives; salts thereof: |
| 2941 | HS Codes of Antibiotics |
| 2942 | HS Codes of Other organic compounds |
3. Undang-Undang.
3.1 Undang-Undang Biro Standar India.
The Bureau of Indian Standards Act.
Undang-Undang Biro Standar India merupakan Undang-undang untuk mengatur pembentukan badan standar nasional untuk pengembangan yang harmonis dari kegiatan standardisasi, penilaian kesesuaian dan jaminan kualitas barang, artikel, proses, sistem dan jasa dan untuk hal-hal yang berhubungan dengannya atau yang terkait dengannya.
3.2 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup.
The Environment Protection Act.
Undang-Undang Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup merupakan Undang-Undang untuk melindungi dan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan, mengendalikan dan mengurangi polusi dari semua sumber, dan melarang atau membatasi pengaturan dan/atau pengoperasian fasilitas industri apa pun dengan alasan lingkungan.
3.3 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen.
Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen merupakan Undang-Undang untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan konsumen, menetapkan otoritas untuk administrasi dan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen yang tepat waktu dan efektif serta hal-hal yang berhubungan dengannya atau insidental.
3.4 Undang-Undang Bea dan Cukai.
Secara garis besar, undang-undang ini mengatur lalu litas arus barang impor dan ekspor
4. Regulasi.
4.1 Kode Importir dan Eksportir.
Import Export Code Number (IEC)
IEC adalah nomor identifikasi bisnis utama yang wajib untuk ekspor dari India atau Impor ke India. Ekspor atau impor tidak boleh dilakukan oleh siapa pun tanpa memperoleh IEC kecuali secara khusus dikecualikan. Namun untuk ekspor jasa, IEC tidak diperlukan kecuali jika penyedia jasa mengambil keuntungan berdasarkan Kebijakan Perdagangan Luar Negeri.
Importir produk kimi organik India terikat dengan ketentuan IEC yang diperlukan untuk beroperasi, IEC dikeluarkan oleh kantor Direktorat Jenderal Perdagangan Luar Negeri berdasarkan aplikasi yang disampaikan pelaku usaha.
Persyaratan untuk mendaftar IEC.
IEC dapat diterapkan atas nama perusahaan, berupa Proprietorship, Partnership, LLP, Limited Company, Trust, HUF, Society dengan syarat perusahaan harus memiliki Permanent Account Number (PAN), rekening bank atas nama perusahaan dan alamat yang valid sebelum menyampaikan aplikasi pendaftaran..
Proses untuk menjadi importir ini adalah proses satu kali, tetapi pembaruan diperlukan sesuai dengan syarat dan ketentuan., dimana pelaku usaha diwajibkan untuk memperbarui profil IEC setiap tahun. Jika profil IEC tidak diperbarui maka:
- profil tersebut akan dinonaktifkan.
- IEC yang dinonaktifkan dapat diaktifkan kembali setelah pembaruan berhasil.
- pengaktifan kembali tunduk pada ketentuan bahwa tindakan lain tidak boleh diambil untuk pelanggaran ketentuan apa pun dari Kebijakan Perdagangan Luar Negeri.
Hal di atas, berlaku juga bagi importir produk kimia organik.
4.2 Ketentuan Produksi dan Impor Dicholoroflouroethane.
Pengaturan produksi dan impor Dicholoroflouroethane. Menurut notifikasi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup, Hutan dan Perubahan Iklim, Pemerintah India, produksi bahan kimia perusak ozon, Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) -141b telah sepenuhnya dihapus oleh India.
- impor HCFC-141b - bahan kimia yang digunakan oleh perusahaan manufaktur busa dan salah satu bahan kimia perusak ozon yang paling kuat setelah Chlorofluorocarbons- dilarang kecuali untuk aplikasi bahan baku (feedstock application).
- HCFC-141b tidak diproduksi di dalam negeri dan semua kebutuhan dalam negeri dipenuhi melalui impor.
- India telah menghapus HCFC-141b pada 1 Januari 2020 di mana dikatakan bahwa penerbitan izin impor untuk bahan kimia tersebut dilarang berdasarkan Undang-Undang Tahun 1986 tentang Pelindungan Lingkungan Hidup.
4.3 Produk yang Dibatasi Untuk Impor
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2903 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2903 14 00 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 –Tetrachloromethane)
- 2903 19 20 Trichloroethane
- 2903 41 00 Trichlorofluoro methane
- 2903 42 00 Dichlorodifluoro methane
- 2903 43 00 Trichlorotrifluoroethanes
- 2903 44 10 1,2 Dichlorotetra-fluoroethane
- 2903 44 20 Chloropenta fluoroethane
- 2903 45 11 Chlorotrifluoro-methane
- 2903 45 12 Pentachloro fluoroethane
- 2903 45 13 Tetrachlorodi-fluoroethane
Heptachlorodi-fluoropropane, Hexachlorodi-fluoropropane, Pentachlorotri-fluoropropane, Tetrachlorotetra-fluoropropane, Trichloropenta-fluoropropane, Dichlorohexa-fluoropropane, Chlorohepta-fluoropropane - 2903 45 21 Heptachlorodi-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 22 Hexachlorodi-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 23 Pentachlorotri-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 24 Tetrachlorotetra-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 25 Trichloropenta-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 26 Dichlorohexa-fluoropropane
- 2903 45 27 Chlorohepta-fluoropropane
- 2903 46 10 Bromochlorodifluoro-Methane
- 2903 46 20 Bromotrifluoro-methane
- 2903 46 30 Dibromotetra-fluoroethanes
- 2903 47 00 Other perhalogenated derivatives
- 2903 49 10 Halogenated derivatives of methane, ethane or propane halogenated only with flourine and chlorine (HCFCS)
- 2903 62 21 DDT-Technical 75 Wdp
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2905, 2915, 2921 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2905 51 00 Ethchlorvynol (INN)
- 2915 24 00 Acetic anhydride
- 2921 46 00 Amfetamine (INN),benzfetamine-Dexamfetamine (INN), etilamfetamine(INN) Fencamfamin(INN), Lefetamine(INN), Levamfetamine (INN),mefenorex(INN) and
phentermine(INN); salts thereof
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2922, 2924, 2925, 2926 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2922 14 00 Dextropropoxyphene(INN) and its salts
- 2922 31 00 Amfepramone(INN),methadone(INN) and normethadone(INN);salts thereof
- 2922 44 00 Tilidine (INN) and its salts
- 2924 11 00 Meprobamate (INN)
- 2924 24 00 Ethinamate (INN)
- 2925 12 00 Glutethimide (INN)
- 2926 30 00 Fenproporex (INN) and its salts methadone (INN) intermediate (4-cyano-2-Dimethy lamino-4, 4-diphenylbutane)
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2930, 2931, 2932 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2930 90 80 Allyl isothiocyanate
- 29310030 Tetra-ethyl Lead
- 2932 95 00 Tetrahydrocannabinols (all isomers)
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2933 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2933 33 00 Alfentanil (INN), anileridine(INN), bezitramide (INN), bromazepam (INN), difenoxin(INN), diphenoxylate (INN), dipipanone(INN), fentanyl (INN), keto bemidone (INN), methylphenidate (INN), pentazocine (INN), pethidine(INN), pethidine intermediate A, phencyclindine (INN) (PCP), phenoperidine (INN), pipradrol (INN), piritramide (INN), propiram (INN) and trimeperidine (INN; salts thereof
- 2933 41 00 Levorphanol (INN) and its salts
- 2933 52 00 Malonylurea (barbituric acid) and its salts
- 2933 53 00 Allobarbital (INN), amobarbital (INN), barbital (INN), butalbital (INN), butobarbital (INN), cyclobarbital (INN), methylphenobarbital (INN), pentobarbital (INN), secbutabarbital (INN), secobarbital (INN), and vinylbital (INN); salts thereof
- 2933 55 00 Loprazolam (INN), mecloqualone (INN), methaqualone (INN) and zipeprol (INN); salts thereof
- 2933 59 40 1-Amino-4-Methyl piperazine
- 2933 72 00 Clobazam (INN) and methyprylon (INN)
- 2933 91 00 Alprazolam (INN), camazepam (INN) chloridiazepoxide (INN), clonazepam (INN), clorazepate, delorazepam (INN), diazepam (INN), estazolam (INN), ethyl loflazepate (INN), flurazepam (INN), halazepam (INN), lorazepam (INN), lorametazepam (INN)mazindol (INN), nimetazepam (INN), midazolam (INN), nimetazepam (INN), nitrazepam (INN), nordazepam (INN), oxazepam (INN), pinazepam (INN), prazepam (INN), pyrovalerone (INN), tamazepam (INN), tetrazepam (INN) and triazolam (INN); salts thereof
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2934, 2936 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2934 91 00 Aminorex (INN), brotizolam (INN), clotiazepam (INN), claxazolam (INN), dextromoramide (INN), haloxazolam (INN), ketazolam (INN), mesocarb (INN), oxazolam (INN), pemoline (INN), phendimetrazine (INN), phenmetrazine (INN) and sufentanil (INN); salts thereof
- 2936 29 20 Nicotinic acid & nicotinamide (niacinamide/ niacine)
- 2939 11 00 Concentrates of poppy straw; buprenorphine (INN), codeine, dihydrococodeine (INN), ethylmorphine, etorphine (INN), heroin, hydrocodone (INN), hydromorphone (INN), morphine, nicomorphine (INN), oxycodone (INN), oxymorphone (INN), pholcodine (INN), thebacon (INN) and thebaine; salts thereof
Impor produk dengan kode HS 2939 dibatasi (restricted):
- 2939 41 10 Ephedrine alkaloids
- 2939 41 20 Ephedrine hydrochloride
- 2939 42 00 Pseudoephedrine (INN) and its salts
- 2939 43 00 Cathine (INN) and its salts
- 2939 51 00 Fenetylline (INN) and its salts
- 2939 91 00 Cocaine, ecgonine, levometamfetamin, metamfetamine(INN), metamfetamine racemate;salts, esters and other derivatives thereof
Lihat informasinya disini.
5. Standar.
- IS 15220:2002 - Spesifikasi Hidrokarbon Halogen - halon 1211 dan halon 1301 - media pemadam kebakaran
- IS 5753:1993 – Spesifikasi Alpha-Amyl Cinnamic Aldehyde
- IS 15356: 2003 – Spesifikasi Acetaldehyde
6. Lembaga Berwenang.
Departemen Kimia dan Petrokimia (Department of Chemicals and Petro-Chemicals Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers) merumuskan dan melaksanakan kebijakan dan program untuk mencapai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sektor kimia dan petrokimia dalam negeri dan untuk menumbuhkan semangat kemitraan publik-swasta untuk pengembangan keseluruhan sektor industri yang disebutkan di atas. Departemen memiliki mandat untuk menangani hal-hal pokok berikut Semua bahan kimia organik dan anorganik, tidak secara khusus dialokasikan untuk Kementerian atau Departemen lain mana pun.
Biro Standar India (Bureau of India Standards) memiliki tugas dan fungsi untuk keserasian perkembangan kegiatan standardisasi, penandaan dan sertifikasi mutu barang dan untuk hal-hal yang berhubungan dengannya atau yang terkait dengannya.
Direktorat Jenderal Perdagangan Luar Negeri (Directorate General of Foreign Trade) memiliki tugas dan fungsi dalam pengaturan dan promosi perdagangan luar negeri melalui berbagai regulasi.
7. Informasi Lainnya.
- India Hydrocarbon Vision – 2025
- Chapter 29 Organic Chemicals
